Effect of serum protein on cell internalization of silica nanoparticles

Nanomaterials such as silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are used in various fields owing to their unique properties, especially biomedical applications. It has been reported that these particles induce different kinds of toxicity cells; therefore, it is very important perform multifaceted analyses for accurate nanotoxicity evaluation. Most existing studies have primarily conducted the presence serum, which could agglutinate SiO2 NPs, making difficult maintain original size NPs and potentially causing errors Therefore, this study investigated effects serum proteins on internalization NPs. The three types monodisperse was examined a serum-free environment using human liver cancer (HepG2) cells lung (A549) cells. observed significantly reduced by protein corona formation. size-dependent effect apoptosis necrosis also investigated, both occur under or low-concentration conditions after exposure cell lines These findings suggest among most factors be considered while evaluating cytotoxicity nanomaterials.